Monday, 11 March 2013

Basic Electronics

Electronic Principles

1.  INTRODUCTION
You are at the best, free online "Basic Electronics Course". Just read the brief blocks of text, view the videos, and check out some of the screened internet links. This is the easiest, fastest way to learn basic electronics. No sign-up requirements and it is free. The menu table above provides easy access to many interesting electronics topics. Print the menu table so you can check off the items as you study them and track your progress. You can enhance, expand and speed your learning by purchasing some of the book selections mentioned below. Take your time and enjoy.
Everyone today is exposed to electronic devices in one way or another.  The computer revolution is a good example.  Everyone can benefit from additional knowledge of electronics.  Even a quick scanning of this page will help.  A study of electronics starts with electricity, magnetism and basic electronics.  This includes Ohm's law and other basic principles of electricity.  Obtain and study various books on electronics - this is really a must as each author will explain things in a little different way to help you grasp the concepts.  
All the internet links to other web sites found on 101science.com were screened to provide you with the BEST the internet has to offer on each subject.  This will save you many hours of searching for good educational material.  This site is for everyone from the beginner to expert electrical engineering professional.  There is something here for every level of expertise in the world of electronics.  If you just need information on one specific area, use the table above to navigate to the information you need.  If you need more instruction - read on.
Maybe you already know some basic electronics and want to test yourself to see exactly how much you do know.

2.  BASIC ELECTRICITY
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM BASICS - It all starts with the electrons moving around atoms. Electricity is the movement of electrical charge from one place to another.  Electric charges do not exist without their associated electric and magnetic fields. This module will introduce you to many of the basic concepts involved with electricity and magnetism.  
MATTER - Matter is physically everything that exists that we can touch and feel.  Matter consists of atoms. Now we will introduce you to the structure of atoms, talk about electrons and static charge, moving charges, voltage, resistance, and current. You  will learn about the properties of magnets and how magnets are used to produce electric current and vice versa. All matter can be classified as being either a pure substance or a mixture.  Matter can exist as either a solid, liquid, or a gas and can change among these three states of matter.  In electronics the most important matter are conductive metals, non-conductive insulators, and semiconductors. (Yes, all this is a simplification on purpose to keep the subject easier to grasp. We will leave deeper thoughts to the study of nuclear physics.)
ELECTRICAL CHARGE - Any object or particle is or can become electrically charged.  Nobody completely understands what this charge consists of but we do know a lot about how it reacts and behaves.  The smallest known charge of electricity is the charge associated with an electron.  This charge has been called a "negative" charge.  An atoms nucleus has a positive charge.  These two un-like charges attract one another.  Like charges oppose one another.  If you had 6,250,000,000,000,000,000 electrons in a box you would have what has been named; one coulomb of charge.  An easier way of thinking about a large number like that is called "powers of ten" and it would look like this 6.25 x 10^18 electrons.  It is simply a way to let you know to move the decimal point to the right 18 places.  When electrical charges are at rest, meaning they are not moving, we call that static electricity.  If charges are in motion we then have a flow of charge called electrical current.  We have given the force that causes this current a name called "electromotive force" and it is measured by a unit called a volt (V).  The unit of measurement of the current (I) or movement of the charge is called an ampere.  The resistance, or opposition, to current flow is called an ohm (R).

ELECTRICAL FIELDS- Around every charge is an electric field.  With every electric field there is a magnetic field.  While we can't see these fields, or yet know exactly what they consist of, we can measure them with instruments and tell a great deal about their behavior.  We can then use this knowledge to our benefit.  The design and construction of electric motors, computers, radios, televisions, stereos, and many other electrical and electronic devices depend upon a knowledge of these basic principles of electricity.  As you can see we have given names to these phenomenon to make it easier for us to study and use.  We could have called them Dick, Jane and Mary but instead we named them for the scientists that discovered or first studied them; Volt, Ampere, and Ohm.  Mr. Volt, Mr. Ampere, and Mr. Ohm spent many years of their gifted lives studying electricity.  They were not alone however as many other scientist were studying and learning more about electricity as well.
WATTS - POWER - What is a watt?  A watt is the International System unit of power equal to one joule per second.  A joule is a unit of electrical energy equal to the work done when a current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second. The symbol used for a watt is "P" for power.  Power in watts is found by multiplying a circuits current (I) times its voltage (V).   You will learn more about power in watts in the ohms law section below.  

P - I*V 

If you don't have a clue as to what electrical current and voltage are - read on.  We will cover that shortly.
Moving electric charges are the heart of basic electronics.  Knowing what moving charges are and how various electronic components affect the moving charges is the foundation of basic electronics.  View the videos and continue on down the page.  These are the basic building blocks of understanding "Basic Electronics".
 
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